最近在上週期表,提到那100多個元素與元素符號,也提到一些化學式。其實常用的元素符號不多,30個左右吧!這些元素可以組合出許多種化合物,對學生說,『就像26個英文字母可以組合成許多單字一樣。元素符號是字母,化學式是單字,至於化學反應方程式則是一個完整的句子。』國中需要記憶的化學式也不多,就那些~( 哪些?才發現還沒有整理在網路上。手寫版的早就不見了~QQ)
突然想起一個問題:到底英文單字要背多少個才夠?我的英文很爛,所以會的單字也不多。到國外旅遊,就只用幾個單字能簡單對話就好。之前看paper或原文書,科學類的常用字詞,除了少屬專有學術用語,就是那些常見的動詞名詞形容詞,所以好像也勉強看看能懂。究竟要會多少個才夠呢?
無聊上網查了一下,原來英文有必備單字數目建議,例如:國小英文基本300字、國中英語1000字...常用7000字。難怪市面上可以見到這些單字書,當然,背的字彙越多,也能比較優美地將文句呈現。只是,光是背了單字不代表會用,要知道意思,還要學用法呢!
發現教育部在課程綱要裡訂了國中小英文有哪些單字是學生要會的,以下資料來自97英語科課程綱要(點選右側檔案下載英語科)。常用2000字詞,畫底線者為國民中小學最基本之1200個字詞。依字母排序:
A─ a(an), a few, a little, a lot, a.m., able, about, above, abroad, absent, accept, accident, across, act, action, active, activity, actor, actress, actually, add, address, admire, adult, advertisement, advice, advise, affect, afraid, after, afternoon, again, against, age, ago, agree, ahead, aim, air, air conditioner, airlines, airplane (plane), airport, alarm, album, alike, alive, all, allow, almost, alone, along, aloud, alphabet, already, also, altogether, always, ambulance, America, American, among, amount, ancient, and, angel, anger, angry, ankle, animal, another, answer, ant, any, anyone (anybody), anything, anywhere, apartment, apologize, appear, apple, appreciate, April, area, argue, arm, armchair, army, around, arrange, arrive, art, artist, as, ask, asleep, assistant, assume, at, attack, attention, August, aunt, autumn (fall), available, avoid, away
B─ baby, baby sitter, back, backpack, backward, bad, badminton, bag, bake, bakery, balcony, ball, balloon, banana, band, bank, barbecue, barber, bark, base, baseball, basement, basic, basket, basketball, bat, bath, bathe, bathroom, be (am, is, are, was, were, been), beach, bean, bear, beard, beat, beautiful, beauty, because, become, bed, bedroom, bee, beef, beer, before, begin, beginner, beginning, behave, behind, believe, bell, belong, below, belt, bench, beside, besides, between, beyond, bicycle (bike), big, bill, biology, bird, birthday, bite, bitter, black, blackboard, blame, blank, blanket, bless, blind, block, blood, blouse, blow, blue, board, boat, body, boil, bomb, bone, book, bookcase, bookstore, bored, boring, born, borrow, boss, both, bother, bottle, bottom, bow, bowl, bowling, box, boy, branch, brave, bread, break, breakfast, brick, bridge, bright, bring, broad, broadcast, brother, brown, brunch, brush, bucket, buffet, bug, build, building, bun, bundle, burger, burn, burst, bus, business, businessman, busy, but, butter, butterfly, button, buy, by
C─ cabbage, cable, cafeteria, cage, cake, calendar, call, calm, camera, camp, campus, can (could), cancel, cancer, candle, candy, cap, captain, car, card, care, careful, careless, carpet, carrot, carry, cartoon, case, cash, cassette, castle, cat, catch, cause, ceiling, celebrate, cellphone, cent, center, centimeter, central, century, cereal, certain, chair, chalk, chance, change, channel, character, charge, chart, chase, cheap, cheat, check, cheer, cheese, chemistry, chess, chicken, child, childhood, childish, childlike, chin, China, Chinese, chocolate, choice, choose, chopsticks, Christmas, chubby, church, circle, city, clap, class, classical, classmate, classroom, clean, clear, clerk, clever, climate, climb, clock, close, closet, clothes, cloud, cloudy, club, coach, coast, coat, cockroach, coffee, coin, cola, cold, collect, college, color, colorful, comb, come, comfortable, comic, command, comment, common, company, compare, complain, complete, computer, concern, confident, confuse, congratulation, consider, considerate, contact lens, continue, contract, control, convenience store, convenient, conversation, cook, cookie, cool, copy, corn, corner, correct, cost, cotton, couch, cough, count, country, couple, courage, course, court, cousin, cover, cow, cowboy, crab, crayon, crazy, cream, create, credit card, crime, cross, crowd, crowded, cruel, cry, culture, cup, cure, curious, current, curtain, curve, custom, customer, cut, cute
D─ daily, damage, dance, danger, dangerous, dark, date, daughter, dawn, day, dead, deaf, deal, dear, death, debate, December, decide, decision, decorate, decrease, deep, deer, degree, delicious, deliver, dentist, department, department store, depend, describe, desert, design, desire, desk, dessert, detect, develop, dial, diamond, diary, dictionary, die, diet, difference, different, difficult, difficulty, dig, diligent, diplomat, dining room, dinner, dinosaur, direct, direction, dirty, disappear, discover, discuss, discussion, dish, dishonest, distance, distant, divide, dizzy, do (does, did, done), doctor (Dr.), dodge ball, dog, doll, dollar, dolphin, donkey, door, dot, double, doubt, doughnut, down, downstairs, downtown, dozen, dragon, drama, draw, drawer, dream, dress, dresser, drink, drive, driver, drop, drugstore, drum, dry, dryer, duck, dumb, dumpling, during, duty
E─ each, eagle, ear, early, earn, earrings, earth, ease, east, Easter, easy, eat, edge, education, effort, egg, eight, eighteen, eighty, either, elder, elect, elementary school, elephant, eleven, electric, else, e-mail, embarrass, emotion, emphasize, employ, empty, end, enemy, energetic, energy, engine, engineer, English, enjoy, enough, enter, entrance, envelope, environment, envy, equal, eraser, error, especially, eve, even, evening, event, ever, every, everyone (everybody), everything, everywhere, evil, exam, example, excellent, except, excite, excited, exciting, excuse, exercise, exist, exit, expect, expensive, experience, explain, express, extra, eye
F─ face, fact, factory, fail, fair, fall, false, family, famous, fan, fancy, fantastic, far, farm, farmer, fashionable, fast, fat, father (dad, daddy), faucet, fault, favorite, fear, February, fee, feed, feel, feeling, female, fence, festival, fever, few, fifteen, fifty, fight, fill, film, final, finally, find, fine, finger, finish, fire, first, fish, fisherman, fit, five, fix, flag, flashlight, flat tire, flight, floor, flour, flower, flu, flute, fly, focus, fog, foggy, follow, food, fool, foolish, foot, football, for, foreign, foreigner, forest, forget, forgive, fork, form, formal, former, forty, forward, four, fourteen, fox, frank, free, freedom, freezer, freezing, French fries, fresh, Friday, friend, friendly, friendship, frighten, frisbee, frog, from, front, fruit, fry, full, fun, funny, furniture, future
G─ gain, game, garage, garden, garbage, gas, gate, gather, general, generous, genius, gentle, gentleman, geography, gesture, get, ghost, giant, gift, girl, give, glad, glass, glasses, glove, glue, go, goal, goat, God, gold, golden, golf, good, good-bye (goodbye, bye), goodness, goose, government, grade, gram, granddaughter, grandfather (grandpa), grandmother (grandma), grandson, grape, grass, gray, great, greedy, green, greet, ground, group, grow, guard, guava, guess, guest, guide, guitar, gun, guy, gym
H─ habit, hair, hair dresser, haircut, half, hall, Halloween, ham, hamburger, hammer, hand, handkerchief, handle, handsome, hang, hanger, happen, happy, hard, hardly, hard-working, hat, hate, have (has, had), he (him, his, himself), head, headache, health, healthy, hear, heart, heat, heater, heavy, height, helicopter, hello, help, helpful, hen, here, hero, hey, hi, hide, high, highway, hike, hill, hip, hippo, hire, history, hit, hobby, hold, hole, holiday, home, homesick, homework, honest, honesty, honey, hop, hope, horrible, horse, hospital, host, hot, hot dog, hotel, hour, house, housewife, housework, how, however, hug, human, humble, humid, humor, humorous, hundred, hunger, hungry, hunt, hunter, hurry, hurt, husband
I─ I (me, my, mine, myself), ice, ice cream, idea, if, ignore, ill, imagine, impolite, importance, important, impossible, improve, in, inch, include, income, increase, independent, indicate, influence, information, ink, insect, inside, insist, inspire, instant, instrument, intelligent, interest, interested, interesting, international, Internet, interrupt, interview, into, introduce, invent, invitation, invite, iron, island, it (its, itself)
J─ jacket, jam, January, jazz, jealous, jeans, jeep, job, jog, join, joke, journalist, joy, judge, juice, July, jump, June, junior high school, just
K─ kangaroo, keep, ketchup, key, kick, kid, kill, kilogram, kilometer, kind, kindergarten, king, kingdom, kiss, kitchen, kite, kitten, knee, knife, knock, know, knowledge, koala
L─ lack, lady, lake, lamb, lamp, land, language, lantern, large, last, late, later, latest, latter, laugh, law, lawyer, lay, lazy, lead, leader, leaf, learn, least, leave, left, leg, lemon, lend, less, lesson, let, letter, lettuce, level, library, lick, lid, lie, life, lift, light, lightning, like, likely, limit, line, link, lion, lip, liquid, list, listen, liter, little, live, living room, loaf, local, lock, locker, lonely, long, look, lose, loser, loud, love, lovely, low, lucky, lunch
M─ ma'am, machine, mad, magazine, magic, magician, mail, mailman (mail carrier), main, major, make, male, mall, man, manager, mango, manner, many, map, March, mark, marker, market, marry, married, marvelous, mask, mass, master, mat, match, math (mathematics), matter, maximum, may (might), May, maybe, meal, mean, meaning, measure, meat, mechanic, medicine, medium, meet, meeting, member, memory, men's room, menu, message, metal, meter, method, microwave, middle, midnight, mile, milk, million, mind, minor, minus, minute, mirror, Miss, miss, mistake, mix, model, modern, moment, Monday, money, monkey, monster, month, moon, more, morning, mop, mosquito, most, mother (mom, mommy), motion, motorcycle, mountain, mouse, mouth, move, movement, movie, Mr., Mrs., MRT, Ms., much, mud, museum, music, musician, must
N─ nail, name, napkin, narrow, nation, national, natural, nature, naughty, near, nearly, necessary, neck, necklace, need, needle, negative, neighbor, neither, nephew, nervous, nest, net, never, new, news, newspaper, next, nice, nice-looking, niece, night, nine, nineteen, ninety, no, nobody, nod, noise, noisy, none, noodle, noon, nor, north, nose, not, note, notebook, nothing, notice, novel, November, now, number, nurse, nut
O─ obey, object, ocean, o'clock, October, of, off, offer, office, officer, often, oil, OK, old, omit, on, once, one, oneself, onion, only, open, operation, opinion, or, orange, order, ordinary, other, out, outside, oven, over, overpass, overseas, over-weight, own, owner, ox
P─ p.m., pack, package, page, pain, painful, paint, painter, pair, pajamas, pale, pan, panda, pants, papaya, paper, pardon, parent, park, parking lot, parrot, part, partner, party, pass, passenger, past, paste, path, patient, pattern, pause, pay, PE (physical education), peace, peaceful, peach, pear, pen, pencil, people, pepper, perfect, perhaps, period, person, personal, pet, photo, physics, piano, pick, picnic, picture, pie, piece, pig, pigeon, pile, pillow, pin, pineapple, pink, pipe, pizza, place, plain, plan, planet, plant, plate, platform, play, player, playground, pleasant, please, pleased, pleasure, plus, pocket, poem, point, poison, police, polite, pollute, pollution, pond, pool, poor, pop music, popcorn, popular, population, pork, position, positive, possible, post office, postcard, pot, potato, pound, powder, power, practice, praise, pray, precious, prepare, present, president, pressure, pretty, price, priest, primary, prince, princess, principal, principle, print, printer, private, prize, probably, problem, produce, production, professor, program, progress, project, promise, pronounce, protect, proud, provide, public, pull, pump, pumpkin, punish, puppy, purple, purpose, purse, push, put, puzzle
Q─ quarter, queen, question, quick, quiet, quit, quite, quiz
R─ rabbit, race, radio, railroad, railway, rain, rainbow, raincoat, rainy, raise, rare, rat, rather, reach, read, ready, real, realize, really, reason, receive, record, recorder, recover, rectangle, recycle, red, refrigerator, refuse, regret, regular, reject, relative, remember, remind, rent, repair, repeat, report, reporter, respect, responsible, rest, restaurant, restroom, result, return, review, revise, rice, rich, ride, right, ring, rise, river, road, rob, ROC, robot, rock, role, roll, roller skate (roller blade), roof, room, root, rope, rose, round, row, rub, rubber, rude, ruin, rule, ruler, run, rush
S─ sad, safe, safety, sail, sailor, salad, sale, salesman, salt, same, sample, sand, sandwich, satisfy, Saturday, saucer, save, say, scared, scarf, scene, scenery, school, science, scientist, scooter, score, screen, sea, seafood, search, season, seat, second, secondary, secret, secretary, section, see, seed, seek, seem, seesaw, seldom, select, selfish, sell, semester, send, senior high school, sense, sentence, September, serious, servant, serve, service, set, seven, seventeen, seventy, several, shake, shall, shape, share, shark, sharp, she (her, hers, herself), sheep, sheet, shelf, shine, ship, shirt, shoe(s), shop, shopkeeper, shoot, shore, short, shorts, should, shoulder, shout, show, shower, shrimp, shut, shy, sick, side, sidewalk, sight, sign, silence, silent, silly, silver, similar, simple, since, sincere, sing, singer, single, sink, sir, sister, sit, six, sixteen, sixty, size, skate, ski, skill, skillful, skin, skinny, skirt, sky, sleep, sleepy, slender, slice, slide, slim, slippers, slow, small, smart, smell, smile, smoke, snack, snail, snake, sneakers, sneaky, snow, snowman, snowy, so, soap, soccer, social, society, socks, soda, sofa, soft drink, softball, soldier, solve, some, someone (somebody), something, sometimes, somewhere, son, song, soon, sore, sorry, soul, sound, soup, sour, south, soy-sauce, space, spaghetti, speak, speaker, special, speech, speed, spell, spend, spider, spirit, spoon, sports, spot, spread, spring, square, stairs, stamp, stand, star, start, state, station, stationery, stay, steak, steal, steam, step, still, stingy, stomach, stomachache, stone, stop, store, storm, stormy, story, stove, straight, strange, stranger, straw, strawberry, stream, street, strike, strong, student, study, stupid, style, subject, subway, succeed, success, successful, such, sudden, sugar, suggest, suit, summer, sun, Sunday, sunny, super, supermarket, supper, support, sure, surf, surprise, surprised, survive, swallow, swan, sweater, sweep, sweet, swim, swimsuit, swing, symbol, system
T─ table, table tennis, tail, Taiwan, take, talent, talk, talkative, tall, tangerine, tank, tape, taste, taxi, tea, teach, teacher, team, teapot, tear, teenager, telephone (phone), television (TV), tell, temperature, temple, ten, tennis, tent, term, terrible, terrific, test, textbook, than, thank, Thanksgiving, that, the, theater, then, there, therefore, these, they (them, their, theirs, themselves), thick, thief, thin, thing, think, third, thirsty, thirteen, thirty, this, those, though (although), thought, thousand, three, throat, through, throw, thumb, thunder, Thursday, ticket, tidy, tie, tiger, till, time, tiny, tip, tired, title, to, toast, today, toe, tofu, together, toilet, tomato, tomorrow, tongue, tonight, too, tool, tooth, toothache, toothbrush, top, topic, total, touch, toward, towel, tower, town, toy, trace, trade, tradition, traditional, traffic, train, trap, trash, travel, treasure, treat, tree, triangle, trick, trip, trouble, trousers, truck, true, trumpet, trust, truth, try, T-shirt, tub, tube, Tuesday, tunnel, turkey, turn, turtle, twelve, twenty, twice, two, type, typhoon
U─ ugly, umbrella, uncle, under, underline, underpass, understand, underwear, unhappy, uniform, unique, universe, university, until, up, upon, upper, upstairs, USA, use, useful, usual, usually
V─ vacation, Valentine, valley, valuable, value, vegetable, vendor, very, vest, victory, video, village, vinegar, violin, visit, visitor, vocabulary, voice, volleyball, vote
W─ waist, wait, waiter, waitress, wake, walk, walkman, wall, wallet, want, war, warm, wash, waste, watch, water, waterfalls, watermelon, wave, way, we (us, our, ours, ourselves), weak, wear, weather, wedding, Wednesday, week, weekday, weekend, weight, welcome, well, west, wet, whale, what, wheel, when, where, whether, which, while, white, who, whole, whose, why, wide, wife, wild, will (would), win, wind, window, windy, wing, winner, winter, wise, wish, with, without, wok, wolf, woman, women's room, wonderful, wood, woods, word, work, workbook, worker, world, worm, worry, wound, wrist, write, writer, wrong
Y─ yard, year, yell, yellow, yes (yeah), yesterday, yet, you (your, yours, yourself, yourselves), young, youth, yummy
Z─ zebra, zero, zoo
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Z 的單字,我還會多記一個~~~~ 就是 zfang 啦啦啦!
(理化的化學式,課綱中倒是沒有提,到底化學式該背多少個呢?另外,中文的常用字究竟有多少個??又好奇了。)